Molar pregnancy is a kind of an abnormal pregnancy which is a rare complication. During the fertilization process at conception, something goes wrong and abnormalities in the cells start to develop which forms the placenta. It is also referred to as hydatidiform mole and a spot of a group of conditions known as gestational trophoblastic tumours. In almost every case the tumors that form are usually benign and not malignant. In most cases, the tumors are likely to spread beyond the uterus but are fortunately curable. During a normal pregnancy, the fertilized ovum comprises 23 chromosomes from the man and 23 chromosomes from the woman.
However in hydatidiform mole, the fertilized egg does not contain any maternal chromosomes and the chromosomes from the man's sperms get replicated, which results in two copies of chromosomes from the man and none at all from the woman. In this case, there's neither the presence of a fertilized egg, membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo, or any normal reproductive structure tissue. Instead, the placenta develops a volume of vesicles that closely a bunch of grapes. These sacs are obvious to the eye on an ultrasound scan. In almost all cases, molar pregnancy can be detected through an ultrasound.
In a partial molar pregnancy, the embryo contains the requisite amount of chromosomes from the woman, but two-fold the chromosomes from the man, hence there are 69 chromosomes in place of the conventional 46. In this case, there is presence of some amount of vascular structure tissue among the mass of abnormal cysts or sacs. In a partial molar pregnancy, the embryo begins to form and hence there may be formation of fetal tissue, or a membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo. Unfortunately, even in the presence of a fetus the entire process is genetically unnatural and the fetus is highly unlikely to survive or grow into a child.
Women diagnosed with molar pregnancy, require a small surgical procedure known as D&C (dilation and curettage) to get rid of the unnatural tissue. In some cases, the woman is administered a medication to enable her to suffer a miscarriage without surgery (also referred to as medical management). In some cases, the woman may need a second D&C procedure to get rid of the mole entirely.
It can be extremely dreadful and disturbing to suffer a pregnancy in this manner. But as long as the pregnant woman who experiences molar pregnancy obtains the right and correct treatment and follows up regularly, it is highly unlikely that the mother will experience or suffer any long-run physical effects.